Want to see the world’s foremost clean energy researchers discuss the progress in the viable alternative energy?
The 17th International Conference on Cold Fusion held this past August 12-17, 2012 in Daejon, South Korea hosted this elite group of individuals and labs who came to share their work on low-energy nuclear reactions (LENR) and they have shared their presentations with us.
http://www.iccf17.org/sub16.php
Read Arthur Robey‘s account of his visit to ICCF-17 in Dispatch from Daejon.
The following is a further posting in a series of articles by David French, a patent attorney with 35 years experience, which will review patents of interest and other matters touching on the field of Cold Fusion.
This is a report of the technology presented at ICCF-17 but released in the spring of 2012 following demonstrations held at MIT over January 30-31, 2012. I personally attended those demonstrations and can confirm that the graphic outputs referenced below and in the ICCF-17 presentation of Dr Peter Hagelstein were in fact generated on that occasion. This may be the technology that demonstrates Cold Fusion in a way that can be observed by anyone around the world.
Breaking the Dam of Disbelief
The year 2013 will be the year in which the dam of disbelief respecting the Fleischmann & Pons phenomena will finally break. This will start with the recent successful showing of the film “The Believers” in Chicago on October 16 and its follow-up presentations. The press will gradually notice the issue. Enough courageous journalists will demand from their editors page-space to expose the shabby treatment of this phenomenon that has occurred over the past 22 years.
Sufficient demonstrations of unexplained excess energy have been repeated in laboratories around the world to shatter the paradigm that Cold Fusion is a pathological science. The result will be a demand for experiments that can be reliably duplicated by persons, agencies, laboratories and businesses around the world interested in re-examining this New Energy Effect.
Need for a Commercially Vendible demonstration of Cold Fusion
An opportunity exists to sell and distribute widely electronic data acquisition and presentation equipment in conjunction with a practical set-up that demonstrates Cold Fusion. Such an arrangement should:
• not rely on the presence of pressurized hydrogen or electrolyte fluids
• operate at moderate temperatures
• provide ready access to the reactor center for easy experimentation
• allow ready substitution of reactive elements for repair and alternate testing procedures
• impose minimum power requirements
• clearly demonstrate a Cold Fusion/LENR effect
• allow a variety of experiments to be conducted by users.
All of these experiments should both serve to demonstrate the Cold Fusion effect and allow researchers to better understand and advance the exploitation of this phenomenon
Opportunity presented by the JET Energy Inc’s “Nanor”
JET Energy Inc. is a company established just outside Boston, Massachusetts by Dr Mitchell Swartz. Mitchell Swartz was one of the original experimenters in the field of Cold Fusion; he became involved directly after the Fleischmann & Pons effect was demonstrated in 1989. Mitchell Swartz has been working with Dr Peter Hagelstein, a professor at MIT and one of the eminent theoreticians in this field. The following information is taken from a paper presented by Dr Peter Hagelstein on behalf of Dr Mitchell Swartz and Jet Energy Inc at ICCF-17. The paper for this presentation will form part of the final report of the ICCF-17 proceedings.
The reactor
JET Energy has developed a demonstration Cold Fusion reactor that relies on a simple core element that is essentially the size of an ohmic resistor. This “Nanor” ™ contains nanostructured pellets of Palladium embedded in zirconium oxide insulation that are pre-loaded with high pressure deuterium and sealed into a small cylinder with electrical connections at the respective ends. The similarity in outward appearance to an ohmic resistor is exact.
For purposes of demonstrating the Cold Fusion effect and quantifying the excess heat being generated, this small cylindrical element, the “NANOR™”, is utilized in conjunction with a “control resistor” bonded along side. The bonding agent is a thermally conductive but electrically insulative glue. Both elements provide easily accessible independent electrical leads at their respective ends.
These components are contained in a thermally isolated environment. Optionally the assembly can be placed inside a traditional calorimeter, but this is not essential. Temperature sensors are bonded to the system which, in conjunction with the control resistor can function equivalently to a calorimeter.
To achieve a Cold Fusion/New Energy effect Dr Swartz passes a low-level current through the Nanor, e.g. 10 milliwatts. Perhaps there are other features included in the control circuit and wave form applied. Whatever special tricks are used, the result is to produce more than a minimal amount of excess energy that conclusively demonstrates this new energy effect. To quantify the results, the following arrangement is employed.
Before activating the Nanor, a small current is first passed through the control resistor adjacent to the Nanor. Due to the ohmic resistance in the control resistor the temperature in this resistor, along with that of the Nanor which is glued close by, rises by a small amount, e.g. 1-2 Centigrade degrees. The amount of current and voltage across the resistor are noted, giving the amount of power needed to create this rise in temperature. After the temperature rise generated by the control resistor has relaxed to its starting value, power is applied in turn to the Nanor.
Sufficient current is fed through the Nanor to produce an approximate rise in temperature equivalent to that just achieved in the control resistor. Remarkably, far less power need be applied to the Nanor to achieve this effect, i.e. less power is required to reach a similar temperature to that established using the control resistor. Put alternately, when comparable energies are applied to the Nanor, a greater temperature rise occurs in the Nanor than occurs in the control resistor. These experiments demonstrate the unequivocal generation of unexplained excess energy.
The display
The power circuitry incorporates a control system that alternates between first heating the control resistor with a known amount of electrical power and then applying a lower level of electrical power to the Nanor. The temperature rise generated first in the control resistor and then in the Nanor as detected by the temperature sensor is shown graphically on the screen of a computer. Using this arrangement the Nanor has demonstrated gains on the order of 800 to 1600%, i.e. a coefficient of performance – COP of 8-16. The graphic display showing this effect can be seen here.
The gain is represented by the ratio of the respective heights for the normalized temperature of the Nanor, indicated by “delta-T/pin” curve, with respect the height of the stepped trace for “input power”, both on the right-side of the display. Here, it is important to note that “normalizing” the delta-T (dividing the measured delta-T by the measured applied power) has the effect of removing the step-like response of the delta-T to the step-like application of input power, resulting in a “flat” response of the control resistor, and a “flatter” response of the NANOR. Note that this normalized gain falls off somewhat with increasing power for the Nanor.
From the graph it is demonstrated that providing lower power to the Nanor will achieve the same temperature excursion as that demonstrated by the control resistor using higher power. While the effect is not being monitored at a constant temperature, the temperature excursions are very small, e.g. 1-2 centigrade degrees. Therefore results nearly equivalent to having a complex constant-temperature calorimeter are achieved. Essentially, the energy output of the Nanor is inferred by comparing the temperature change achieved to that produced by the control resistor. With the high COP’s being achieved, the result is unmistakable.
The temperature rise of the Nanor-control resistor combination is conveniently presented on a computer display in which the temperature traces are arranged graphically directly following each other. The cycle is carried-out repeatedly, with a relaxation delay in between, to provide interlaced graphic demonstrations of the generation of unexplained excess heat next to a calibration curve. As this effect continues for many days, the only possible conclusion is that the excess energy is arising from some form of nuclear effect. Hence this apparatus demonstrates the reality of “Cold Fusion” or some nuclear process the mechanism of which is not yet conclusively established.
Stepped power increases
In order to produce more information in the computer display, the electrical circuitry supporting the demonstration applies power to both the control resistor and the Nanor in steps of regularly increasing applied power. Each time the power rises by a step, the temperature of the system rises by a related step. The correlation is not precisely even. Further this feature demonstrates that the Nanor exhibits differing gains when driven at different power levels. Importantly, the Nanor can be over-driven, providing a COP which is reduced from the maximum possible once the optimum power input is exceeded. This is readily apparent from the display.
Packaging the kit
The Nanor demonstration apparatus is very compact. The Nanor and control resistor pair would, by themselves, fit in a very small insulated box if the decision were made to dispense with the standard surrounding calorimeter apparatus. A surrounding calorimeter apparatus could be employed as a back-up to demonstrate that, over time, you can measure the accumulating excess heat that is being generated. In fact, only a small insulated box is required if it is accepted that the temperature excursion demonstrated by the control resistor can serve to calibrate the amount of heat envolving when the Nanor is operating.
Dispensing with the traditional calorimeter allows the reactor box to be hardly larger than a package of cigarettes. Coupled to the wires leading out of this box are a power supply and a data acquisition device. The data acquisition device provides an output that generates the display on the screen of a personal computer. The device so presented would fit, together with its data acquisition device and cables for linking to a PC, into a standard briefcase. Indeed, the briefcase could also include the PC since there would be enough room to fit it in!
Since the reactor can be contained in a relatively small volume it would be easily accessible to install substitute replacements or alternate arrangements which are instrumented according to the desires of a researcher. By providing pre-instrumented variations in the Nanor a variety of experiments could be carrying my users. In every case, the object would be to determine the ways in which it is possible to modulate the Cold Fusion effect. Anyone purchasing the kit would have the advantage of a quick-learning tool to get up-to-speed on the principles of this new and extremely important phenomenon. Universities could buy multiple units for their undergraduate students.
Possible experiments
Some of the experiments that could be conducted include:
• varying the applied DC field to determine the effect on gain or COP. This means identifying the “sweet spot”, also known as the “Optimal Operating Point”
• varying the “relaxation” time between initiating a repetition of excess heat events to determine the effect
• carrying-out the various processes at differing ambient temperatures for the Nanor
• applying an AC component of varying frequencies and strength to the applied DC field
• encircling the Nanor with an insulated wire and applying a co-axial magnetic field while carrying-out the repertoire of other manipulations
• placing a pair of collateral electrostatic plate electrodes on either side of the Nanor and applying varying electrostatic fields, both DC and AC to determine the effect on the excess heat event
• attaching ultrasound transducers to the side of the Nanor to determine the effect of ultrasound on the excess heat effect
• carrying-out experiments with the Nanor having various levels of loading
• carrying out the experiments with twin or triple Nanors surrounding the control resistor, each instrumented with temperature sensors to establish the relative consistency of behavior of the respective Nanors.
Opportunity for Commercialization
JET Energy’s Nanor represents a demonstrated, operational system for researchers to explore the Cold Fusion effect. It is ideally adapted to being integrated into a unit suitable for sale to universities and laboratories, indeed to high schools, as a demonstration device confirming the existence of the Cold Fusion/LENR/New Energy Effect phenomena. Indeed, this demonstration can operate with a normal home PC on the kitchen table top.
This is an ideal system for introducing this new science to the world. JET Energy Inc. is presently working to improve the Nanor and develop a vendible package. Who is going to be the first to step forward and boost JET Energy’s innovation to the forefront of the coming wave of commercial applications that will rely on this wonderful new discovery for humanity?
Did you ever wonder if Cold Fusion were real?
Just between you and me, of cause.
Well this might add some balance to your view.
Tyler has created an honest to goodness Engineer’s perspective of the veracity of Lattice assisted Nuclear Reactions which he shared with us at Daejeon.
It might take your mind off the howling wind outside. Our thoughts are with you. Let us hope that you are warm and comfortable.
The videos of the lecture from Daejeon ICCF-17 have arrived. I must lay out the ground rules and provisos. I am not allowed to rebroadcast the lectures. I am not allowed to release the password. These are the wishes of the conveners and I have to respect them. They, the Cold Fusion, experimenters and presenters of the lectures are the heroes of this story, not I. I am but a member of the peanut gallery.
I feel that I am at liberty to give my impression of the lectures, however you must understand that my comprehension is very limited. If that is unsatisfactory you only have yourself to blame. You should have been there.
The first lecture I shall write about is that given by Professor Hagelstein. Here is what I understood of his lecture. Professor Hagelstein is a theoretician. He is tasked with creating models explaining the empirical results of the Experimenters. The gold standard of a model is it’s predictive power.
Model 281 did not work and had to buried out in the back yard. However it was intuitively correct. It predicted a coupling of phonon energy and nuclear energy. Takahashi objected to the model on the grounds that it was not reversible. It would not transmit energy in both directions. Professor Hagelstein thought this might be due to losses.
There are two elements in the coupling process: the nucleus and the phonons. The nuclear energy is too large and the phonon energy is too small. What Professor Hagelstein needed was a nuclear energy 100 times smaller, so he turned to Quarks. And then things began to look a lot brighter. How bright? 1.5keV x-ray bright. You see Karabut had been rabbiting on at a previous ICCF meeting that he was obtaining 1.5keV x-rays from his gas discharge experiments.
And then events began to make Professor Hagelstein fall off his chair in amazement and delight. He fell off his chair three times to be exact. I would love to tell you why he fell off his chair but he began to babble mathematics and so I was lost.
However all was not lost because I managed to get something about a lossy spin Boson chopping his energy up into small enough pieces so that they were digestible by the phonons. I have a picture of a carrier wave of a radio signal that might help you visualize the coupling of the two elements. The short signal wave is the energetic nuclear and the longer carrier signal is the low energy of the phonons.
Professor Hagelstein described the process creating the x-rays was as if a little hammer was striking the surface of the mercury repeatedly.
The energy distribution of the collimated x-rays fit professor Hagelstein’s equations beautifully. The more energetic the hammer blows the broader the x-ray, which makes sense to me.
OK. Let’s pull this thing together.
We now have a channel for energy to flow from the nucleus to the matrix and vice versa. So, mass in the Nucleus can be annihilated and the energy transmitted to the “outside world” beyond the Coulomb barrier, and energy can also flow into the nucleus from phonons coupled to the nucleus. This energy is stored as Mass. And we all know what happens if you increase the mass of a nucleus, don’t we. It transmutes.
I am guessing either to another isotope if the mass is large enough to be a neutron, or into another element. Professor Hagelstein said that a geologist told him that there is more aluminum along fault lines and less iron.
Your homework is to figure out why. And that is as good as it gets for now.
As has been pointed out previously, as developments regarding LENR continue to occur at an increasing pace, and from a growing number of individuals and companies, it is sometimes difficult to keep track of relevant news. In the last article, I tried to bring everybody up-to-date with news regarding Defkalion as they transitioned from Greece to Canada. Now I would like to take a closer look at Brillouin Energy Corporation.
For those who have been following the story closely, there is nothing new to report per se. Many are already aware that Brillouin, as reported first here on Cold Fusion Now, has received a patent for their technology from the Chinese government. They have also entered into a formal agreement with SRI International to further develop and scale up their NHB (New Hydrogen Boiler) technology as the next step towards commercialization. BEC has also negotiated with Sunrise Securities of New York, NY, for a “second stage” $20 million conditional investment agreement. If Brillouin meets the conditions set out in the agreement, which includes making a preliminary agreement to retrofit a small (5-10 MW) conventional power plant, the $20 million investment from Sunset Securities will make Brillouin the most robustly capitalized company in the LENR field.
In this article I would like to bring attention to two presentations given by Brillouin in the last few months. The first is a document the company presented at ICCF-17. Most readers of this site were unable to attend the conference in South Korea and may have missed Brillouin’s disclosure of recent experiments done with Michael McKubre of SRI International. Many have heard of this collaboration but have been unable to look at the data. A PDF of this presentation has been available on-line but many are not aware of it or have not had the access or inclination to view it. With the permission of Robert Godes, CTO and president of Brillouin, I have reformatted the PDF to fit on this web site in order to provide access to a greater number of people. Secondly, at the bottom of the page, I have included a slide show presentation released by Brillouin that outlines the technology and gives an overview of their plans for commercialization. This presentation also includes details of their agreement with Sunrise Securities (see slide #14).
I hope readers find this information enlightening and that it will foster a better understanding of the important and careful work being done by BEC. I hope you will refer interested friends and colleagues to this article for that same purpose.
Controlled Electron Capture and the Path Toward Commercialization
Robert Godes[1], Robert George[1], Francis Tanzella[2], and Michael McKubre2 [1] Brillouin Energy Corp., United States, reg@brillouinenergy.com [2] SRI International, United States
Abstract
We have run over 150 experiments using two different cell/calorimeter designs. Excess power has always been seen using Q pulses tuned to the resonance of palladium and nickel hydrides in pressurized vessels. Excess energies of up to 100% have been seen using this excitation method.
Index Terms– Cold Neutrons, Electrolysis, Electron Capture, Excess Heat.
I. BACKGROUND
We started with the hypothesis that metal hydrides stimulated at frequencies related to the lattice phonon resonance would cause protons or deuterons to undergo controlled electron capture. If this hypothesis is true then less hydride material would be needed to produce excess power. Also, this should lead to excess power (1) on demand, (2) from light H2O electrolysis, and (3) from the hydrides of Pd, Ni, or any matrix able to provide the necessary confinement of hydrogen and obtain a Hamiltonian value greater than 782KeV. Also, the excess power effect would be enhanced at high temperatures and pressures.
Brillouin’s lattice stimulation reverses the natural decay of neutrons to protons and Beta particles, catalyzing this endothermic step. Constraining a proton spatially in a lattice causes the lattice energy to be highly uncertain. With the Hamiltonian of the system reaching 782KeV for a proton or 3MeV for a deuteron the system may be capable of capturing an electron, forming an ultra-cold neutron or di-neutron system. The almost stationary ultra-cold neutron(s) occupies a position in the metal lattice where another dissolved hydrogen is most likely to tunnel in less than a nanosecond, forming a deuteron / triton / quadrium by capturing the cold neutron and releasing binding energy.
This would lead to helium through a Beta decay. The expected half-life of the beta decay: if J_(4H)=0−, 1−, 2−, τ1/2 ≥ 10 min; if J_(4H)=0+, 1+, τ1/2 ≥ 0.03 sec[1]. Personal correspondence with Dr. D. R. Tilley confirmed that the result of such a reaction would be β¯ decay to 4He.
Early Pd/H2O electrolysis experiments used a well-mixed, open electrolysis cell in a controlled flowing air enclosure. The temperature probes were verified to +/- 0.1°C at 70°C and +/- 0.3°C at 100°C. We simultaneously ran live and blank (resistive heater) cells, maintaining identical constant input power in both cells. High-voltage, bipolar, narrow pulses were sent through the cathode and separately pulse-width modulated (PWM) electrolysis through the cell (between the anode and cathode). Input power was measured using meters designed to measure power high frequency (HF) PWM systems. NaOH solutions were used for high conductivity. Differential thermometry suggested excess power up to 42% and 9W (Fig. 4[2]).
II. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS
Our recent test data were generated autonomously through the use of a fully instrumented pressurized test vessel that permits much greater control over experiments than was possible using the “open container” test cells from Phase One experiments.
A. Reactor Components
The components of the most recent closed-cell Wet Boiler are shown in Fig. 1.
Those components include:
• A 130bar pressure vessel with a band heater
• A 28AWG (.31mm) Ni 270 cathode
• Ni 270 wire mesh anode
• 0.5 liter of 0.15 to .5M NaOH solution
• Thermal transfer oil coolant loop with a heat exchanger. MobilTherm 603
• Platinum resistive temperature detector’s (RTD’s) measuring input and output coolant temperatures.
• Mass Flow meter in the coolant line.
• An catalytic recombiner , used for safety.
• Resistance heater for calorimetric calibration
B. Power Measurements
We performed conservative measurement of the input power into the reaction chamber and the control board. All inputs, including inductive and logic circuits losses, are counted as power applied to the system All power used for stimulation and control of the cell is measured. The power delivered to the band heater is provided by a Chroma 61602 programmable AC source.
A 100 MHz Fluke 196C oscilloscope meter, operating in “AC (rms) + DC” mode, was used to measure the all input cell power applied to the primary control system. Output power is calculated from the heat removed from the inside of the test cell by pumping an organic fluid (MobileTherm 603) through a heat exchanger immersed in the electrolyte inside the cell. The electrolyte is heated by the stimulation of the electrodes. An external heat exchanger extracts heat from the circulating organic fluid. The net heat in and out is carefully measured and the difference is tabulated. The flow rate is measured by a positive displacement flow sensor (Kytola 2950-2-AKTN). 100Ω platinum RTD’s are used to measure the cooling fluid’s inlet and outlet temperatures, placed just before and just after the cooling loop, respectively. Room temperature in the immediate environment of the test cell is also measured using a 100Ω platinum RTD.
Heat also escapes from the test cell via conductive and radiative loses. Heat flows out of the test cell through the top of the test cell, its supporting brackets to a shelf, and through its insulation. This is accounted for in the software, following extensive calibrations of the cell running with out stimulation pulses (Q).
The bias of the measurement scheme is to under-report thermal output. The electrolysis recombination activity in the headspace of the vessel increases the amount of the conduction and radiative losses at the top of the cell as it heats up and conducts more thermal energy through its mechanical supports. These losses become less significant at higher operation rates as the recombination heat layer moves down to the point where the heat exchange can begin to pick up more of that recombination energy.
C. Cell Calibration and Operation
This system recovers 98% of the heat input by the control band heater alone. The circulating oil is not able to remove all of the recombination energy in the test cell. A significant amount of the recombination energy escapes by conduction through the brackets that secure the cell to the shelf that holds it in place. The method chosen to measure these parasitic heat losses is simple and accurate. The test cell has an electric resistance heating unit called the band heater. The band heater uses a known quantity of watts to heat the entire system to a selected temperature: 70, 80 or 100 degrees C. It takes 132 watts from the band heater to heat and hold the vessel to 70 degrees C with the cooling oil circulating in the cooling circuit. Measurements of the circulating oil show that the oil continuously removes 90 watts at this set point. The difference (delta) is 42 watts and this is the amount heat is “lost” from the vessel by thermal conduction and radiated heat. At 80 degrees C, the calculated parasitic loss figure is 45 watts and at 100 degrees C the parasitic loss is 47 watts.
Using this simple technique, at these three set points the amount of heat leaves the system in excess of that removed by the circulating oil is quantified to calibrate the measurements. This information is used in the data shown in the following slides. Table 1 shows the parasitic heat losses at 70, 80 and 100°C.
The cell/calorimeter is designed to operate at up to 200°C and up to 130bar. The pressurized cell is controlled using LabView® software (National Instruments, Austin, TX, USA) that continuously and automatically collects information about energy flow in and out of the test cell. All experimental data are methodically and systematically archived and recorded to disk. The thermal load due to radiative and conductive losses, in addition to that collected by the heat exchanger, are approximately 400 watts at a vessel temperature of 100°C but can achieve more than 2000 watts at 200°C. The working fluid’s inlet temperature is maintained using a re-circulating chiller (Neslab RTE111).
During operation we have applied up to 800 total watts. The only input to the system is electric power and the only output from the system is heat.
The AC stimulation consists of alternating high voltage positive and negative pulses, approximately 100ns wide, of duty cycles up to 1% or repetition rates of up to 100 KHz
III. RESULTS
Representative results of experiments operated in our pressurized cell/calorimeter are described below. Excess power is defined as the number of watts generated in the cell exceeding that supplied to the cell. The ratio of output to input power is often plotted as percentage.
When the output, for example, is twice that of the input, the amount of excess power is 100%.
The following experiments described herein were designed to measure excess power produced using proprietary electrical stimulation of nickel containing dissolved hydrogen.
A. Experiment 1
Experiment 1 yielded excess power of over 50% for approximately 2 days. Fig. 2 shows the calorimetric results and effect of stimulation frequency soon after 50% excess power was measured in the cell.
The amount of excess power shown on the screen is approximately 59 %. During this time period there was 107 watts in, 170 watts out, yielding 63 watts excess power, with the cell temperature at 76°C and pressure of 84bar. Approximately 32 watts power was applied to the catalyst and is included in the 107W total input power.
B. Experiment 2
Fig. 3 plots the power and temperature recorded during a complete 66-hour Ni/H2O electrolysis experiment.
Excess power of over 50% was recorded for much of this experiment. We repetitively swept Q repetition rate while stepping up Q amplitude and then a third parameter affecting Q shape to examine the effects and interplay among them.
The excess heat produced during this run shown in Figure 3 declined as additional power was applied. The red line plots the percentage of excess power, blue the sum of the electrical inputs, and green the temperature of the test cell. The repetitive spikes in the data are due to the cycling of Q repetition rate and the downward sloping trend indicates the increase in power to a change in the shape of the Q pulses. This slide indicates that the level of the production of excess power does not rely exclusively on input power since increasing input power reduced absolute amount of excess power. The automated test system now has the ability to automatically sequence 4 separate input variables. When the Q pulse shape stepped out of an optimal operating point the red and blue plots crossed.
C. Experiment 3
Fig. 4 plots the calorimetric and temperature data for a subsequent Ni/H2O electrolysis experiment.
In this experiment we examined the effect of changing specific input parameters. This plot shows a thermal output 50% greater than input for 14 hours. A gradual increase in temperature tracks small incremental increases in both the DC and AC currents. This continued for 12 hours past the end of this plot as seen in Fig. 5., which shows the sharp response of the system to input power while everything else was held constant.
A jump in excess heat from less than 55% to almost 70% was produced using the settings input during the second half of the experiment on February 15th. Learning from this data, we modified electric inputs to exceed these results.
D. Experiment 4
Fig. 6 plots the calorimetric and temperature data for part of a Ni/H2O electrolysis experiment. While holding total input power constant Q pulse shape was changed, which yielded excess power production in excess of 75% for approximately 11 hours.
After achieving a thermal steady state, the system performed well for the duration of the test. Subsequently a new set of input parameters were utilized in this experiment, after which the excess power peaked at approximately 85% and was above 80% for more than seven hours.E. Experiment 5
Fig. 7 plots the calorimetric and temperature data for part of a Ni/H2O electrolysis experiment.
This was the first time the excess power exceeded 100%, meaning the “watts out” were twice the “watts in.” Certain electrical inputs to the cell were changed deliberately in a proprietary manner effecting Q frequency content.
This experiment is important because it shows both our upward discovery trend and because it exceeded the important 100% milestone. These set of representative experiments showed that we have progressed well beyond the results with the open-cell experiments described in the Background section.
F. Experiment 6
Experiment 6 shows the effect of changing the repetition rate of the high voltage stimulation pulses. Figure 8 plots the input and output powers, percent excess power, and the Q pulse repetition rate. Output power is shown in blue, input power is shown in green, and excess is shown in red as a percentage. The proprietary repetition rate of the pulses is plotted without scale in turquoise.
For five days, excess power from the induced thermal reaction in nickel hydride averaged approximately 20% during times when the wave form at a given repetition rate was applied to the nickel hydride. Total applied power was above 450 watts. When the repetition rate was reduced excess power fell significantly, even though the input power rose. On seven different occasions when total applied power to the system was above 450 watts, and the repetition rate was reduced, excess power dropped from approximately 20% to close essentially 0%. Excess power returned quickly to approximately 20% when the repetition rate was restored to its original value.
This plot demonstrates a cause and effect relationship exists between the frequency of the applied waveform pulses (Q) and the amount of excess power produced in the test cell.
IV. CONCLUSIONS
We have demonstrated that the nickel-light-water system is able to achieve more than 100% excess heat production (“2X”). Recent data shows that excess heat production was in the range of 110% for 2 hours.
We ran over 150 experiments using two different cell/calorimeter designs. Excess heat was always seen[3] in experiments where Q pulses, which have been tuned to the resonance of the hydride conductors (“core”), are present. Using our open cell design it is now possible to get excess heat on demand using light water and hydrided nickel and palladium.
Pulsed power in the cathode is the preferred method to raise the energy of the Brillouin zones confining hydrogen nuclei in the metal lattice[1]. We postulate that conversion of this energy to mass, results in the production of cold to ultra-cold neutrons. The removal of charge from the system by absorption of an electron by a proton makes a current pulse the preferred source of pulsed power because it provides electrons for capture.
In all cases, the application of a suitable Quantum Compression waveform enables active hydrided materials to produce excess power on demand without regard to the grain structure. While it is common for “gross loading” systems to work with some pieces of material and not others from the same batch. We believe that the Quantum Reactor technology caused every centimeter in all 15 meters of Pd wire to immediately produce excess heat while exposed to properly pulsed currents in light water. Quantum Reactor technology also allows for significant modulation of the power out of the cell.
Leveraging the results of the open cell experiments, the proprietary circuitry was attached to hydrided conductors in high-pressure, high-temperature systems for the sealed cell experiments[2].
The data taken from nickel-hydrogen system that was stimulated by our proprietary electronic inputs show that the thermal output is statistically significantly greater than the electrical input. Measurable and repeatable surplus thermal output is found in the nickel-hydrogen system when all other inputs to the cells remain constant. We have shown 100% excess energy and hope to achieve 200%, which would make the technology industrially useful. We also believe that the moderately elevated pressure and temperature environment of the pressurized cell may increase the probability for proton-electron captures, than the conditions at ambient temperature and pressure, because the electrolyte can be heated to over the boiling point of the electrolyte at atmospheric pressure. In addition to elevated temperature and pressure, the dimensions of the metal cathode inside the test cell, is much larger than what was used in the “open container”, first- round experiments.
We conclude that the reaction producing excess power in the nickel hydride is related to and very dependent upon the frequency of the Q pulses applied. We have thus demonstrated that there is a repeatable and measurable relationship between excess heat production from the stimulated nickel hydride in the test cell and the repetition rate of the applied electronic pulses. When the repetition rate is changed from the optimum frequency, excess power production ceases in the nickel hydride lattice. When that repetition rate is restored, significant excess power production resumes.
V. FUTURE WORK
We are looking closely at the experimental data from Experiment 5 and will use it to attempt to break through the next threshold 200% (“3X”) hopefully soon.
We have started to perform experiments in a third cell/calorimeter design in collaboration with SRI International that we believe will lead to more useful heat by operating at higher temperatures. We feel that the first commercial applications expected will be hydronic heating systems that require grid power and produce lower quality heat as well as higher quality heat systems that will be used to re-power existing dirty generation assets.
In addition to Pd and Ni, the Q-pulse reactor system should work with other transition metals that confine hydrogen nuclei sufficiently in a lattice to effect electron capture events.
APPENDIX
A. Controlled Energy Capture Hypothesis
p + ~782KeV + e- » n + νe
(using energy for ultra-cold neutrons)
p + n » d + 2.2MeV
(making ultra-cold deuterons and energy)
d + (up to 3MeV) + e- » 2n + νe
(using energy to make di-neutron system)
d + n » T + 6.3MeV
(making tritum and energy)
2n + d » 4H + (?MeV)
3n + p » 4H + (?MeV)
(making short lived 4H nuclei and energy.)
4H » 4He + β¯+ νe + (17.06 to 20.6)MeV
(making helium and lots of energy)
REFERENCES
[1] D.R. Tilley and H.R. Weller
Energy Levels of Light Nuclei A = 4
http://www.tunl.duke.edu/nucldata/ourpubs/04_1992.pdf
[2] R. Godes, “Brillouin Energy Corp. Phase One Data,”
http://brillouinenergy.com/Docs1/Phase_1-VerificationData.pdf.
[3] R. Godes, “Quantum Reactor Technology, Exciting New Science, Potential Clean Energy Source,”
http://brillouinenergy.com/Docs1/BE25Tec.PPS.
[4] R. Godes, “Brillouin Phase II Data,”
http://brillouinenergy.com/Docs1/Brillouin_Second_Round_Data.pdf
Brillouin slide show courtesy of BEC via Slide Share
Cold Fusion Now is attending the 17th International Conference on Cold Fusion ICCF-17 in Daejeon, Korea in the form of science fiction author and CFN contributor Arthur Robey traveling from Australia, and patent lawyer and author David French, who trekked in from Canada.
ICCF-17 runs August 12-17, although a Workshop began on the 10th. ICCF has been the primary international conference for cold fusion research since 1990.
David French will be posting his impressions of the conference in a report after returning home from the event – and a short vacation trip around the area!
Arthur Robey is wiring in his thoughts each day. His observations are personal, informal, and provide a fascinating look at major figures in cold fusion research.
Mr. Robey shares them here for your enjoyment!
Following the Austin, Texas NIWeek 2012 event with ICCF-17 in Daejeon, Korea, scientists and technologists will surely be on a real high with the feel that, finally, the dam is breaking in planetary consciousness for the fast-rising meme of clean energy from cold fusion. –Ruby Carat
Daejeon, Korea 10th Aug 2012
OK, so I burned a lot of carbon over the last two days.
“Mian Hamnida”. (That is Korean for “Sorry”, as far as I know).
Listen, I am right out of my comfort zone here. I know two phrases “Thank you” and “I am sorry.”
Hangeul is a very simple alphabet that any normal person can learn in a morning and a fool can learn in a day, according to the blurb. After a month of study I am transported back to my childhood. Did you ever learn to read with Janet and John books? You know the story line that goes something along the lines of “John has a ball. Kick the ball John.” Well, that is where I am at except that I have no idea what the sentences mean. I hope you appreciate the effort.
The lady in the shop where I bought milk and some sort of surprise in a box to go with the coffee taught me to say “Yook Chon” (five thousand). I think we are going to be friends.
Today in the bus from the airport I met Ryan from America. He is from some place near a city called Chicago. I think he said Cincinnati. (Is that near Chicago?) He wants me to tell him about my experience at trying to create Cold Fusion. (“Quantum Energy” might give us more street cred, Lord knows we lack it.) I explain that I am a Groupie, so he sticks to his story line that he has been working with the hydrogen nickel system but has not had any positive results. I have the feeling that cards are going to be played very close to chests.
“A groupie from Australia? Come on, gimme a break. The man is obviously a spy.”
Thank you, dear Mr. Patents Office.
Today I burned carbon.
While waiting for my washing to dry, I bought a beer from the cabinet. (Hint: Don’t buy the stuff that looks like better grade beer in a bottle, it is flavored industrial alcohol. “Have you tried this sir?” asks the receptionist.) I settle down with another beer and a newspaper.
Seoul’s water supply is threatened by an algal bloom due to the heat and lack of rain. That is an entire city’s water supply. Think about that. And then think about the wheat belt of the USA failing due to unseasonable drought. Can you join the dots? Is the trend line up or down? Stop burning carbon must be on our “to do” list.
There is something else on our list, but you dear reader, are not ready for it yet. I shall administer a spoonful of strong medicine at a time. I was going to say that we have to change how we do things on this planet but there is an error in that thought. Can you spot it?
Well, in a couple of hours I shall gird my loins for the beginning of another day. Kamse Hamnida. –Arthur Robey
Komyo i (Friday)
Professor Sunwon Park has been a credit to Korea. He ran the whole shebang.
We were all guided to our hotels and transport was laid on. This is treatment fit for Royalty. I am humbled.
Have you ever been in the presence of true genius? It is a rare privilege. I was surrounded by them. Yet more humbling.
Ok, so then the spoiling was over, time to get down to work. Ryan and I sat together in the auditorium and the first speaker was Professor David J. Nagel. He should have retired but is having too much fun with these. . .
And here I must confess confusion. The range of phenomena involved defies an over-riding noun. “Cold Fusion” just does not cover the field. Professor Nagel urged young people to get involved. There is so much being discovered now.
Science is all about creating hypotheses and then trying to destroy them. Those that cannot be destroyed are promoted to a “Theory”. Think of children making little boats, launching them on the pond and then all the children throw stones at them. Those that sink are no good. The good theories stay afloat. But the very next stone could sink them.
True Skeptics are the throwers of stones. Pseudo-skeptics are the children on the shore begging others not to throw stones at their pet boat. They are the pathetic mewling kids who are happy to throw stones other people’s boats, but complain when theirs are sunk.
There are many little boats that are just a memory. Phlogiston, the Aether and the latest little boat that has a huge rock lobbed at it, the Big Bang theory. (What? You thought it was sacred? So did I. Watch this space.) The point is “dogma” is a religious term, not a scientific one. This is something that I will be returning to again.
Professor Nagel is an enthusiastic builder of boats and lobber of stones. Peter Pan lives. He urges your involvement. It is huge fun.
Dr. Michael McKubre was in the registration lobby. I am so cool. I did not react like a teenage groupie. I managed to maintain my dignity.
He gave the next lecture. His subject was calorimetry. Dr McKubre has been doing calorimetry for neigh on a quarter of a century. He emphasized the difficulty of doing it well. There are three classes of calorimeter: Isoperibolic, Flow, Seebeck and Phase change. (Spot the error. I am so pleased that I am not going to be graded on this stuff.)
The one that made the most intuitive sense to me was the phase change calorimeter. The principle is easy. You get a block of ice, heat it up and what melts is proportional to the heat pumped in. How cool is that?
OK, so what we get from this is that it is not a walk in the park.
What became obvious to me is that because calorimetry is so difficult, many chemical experimenters ignore it and make assumptions about the exothermic heat balance of their results. Think! How many overlooked CF anomalies are edited out of the results? They are removed on the assumption that the phenomenon cannot happen.
This is a typical Left Brain error. It confuses the map with the terrain. Read the Literature. You don’t want to? There is a lot of that. It is the problem. The book will explain why. Dr. Iain McGilchrist is a Psychiatrist. Insight is his trade.
Next I want to introduce Professor Mahadeva Srinivasan and his much loved and patient wife. He presented information that will stretch your models to breaking point. Tough. Build a bridge and get over it kiddie.
And then we meet a true genius. No-one got the mic who was not. I am sure that Professor Peter Hagelstein has become bored by the adjective. Last week his model predicted an outcome. Now that is the gold standard for any model, can it predict the results of an experiment?
More heavyweights in the field spoke: Professor Jean-Paul Biberian on gas-loading experiments, Professor Yeong E. Kim on theory, and Professor Michael E. Melich and Professor David J. Nagel. But first I am off on a bus trip with my heroes around this beautiful country.
Wish you were here. –Arthur Robey
Toyo il (Saturday)
Listen, I have a confession to make. I am not a Nuclear Physicist.
I have not spent many years of toil at my desk getting on speaking terms with Sir Roger Penrose. Although I did follow him into the thicket as far as the Riemann Hypothesis before I realized he was leading me astray. His explanation is a lot prettier than the link that I have given, the smooth talking bounder. He nearly had his wicked way with me.
Anyway, I do not have years of baggage with me. Speaking of which, I shall begin with a bit of baggage that Professor Mahadeva Srinivasan offered at the end of his lecture.
A basic tenant of science.
Wow. That sounds like fun. Can I join in the spirit too?
There. That was easy. A new dogma is born.
(Something to do with the “absence of evidence” not being “evidence of absence”?)
The evidence is coming in thick and fast. The good Professor told us that when Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons announced their discovery he had a Milton Roy electrolytic cell on his desk.
Here is the important bit: the cell only manipulated the chemistry (ie electron cloud) of electrolyte. (Remember, according to conventional physics, because he was not playing with the nucleus, no nuclear products would be evident.)
Tritium (H3) has a half-life of 12 years, which is not very long at all in geological time, so if you find tritium, it is actively being generated somewhere. So the electrolyte was sent off to be checked out for tritium. Result: 20 000 times more tritium than there should have been in the heavy water.
Now listen up. Fleischmann and Pons reported excess heat. On the other hand, in the order of 100 good scientists in good laboratories between 1989 to 1990 reported nothing. But time moves on and things change.
There is a lot more evidence. With Yasuhiro Iwamura’s setup, he could watch the elements being formed in situ. But I won’t labor the point. (There is one little boat going down, loaded with baggage.)
I am glad that I got that bit about not being a nuclear physicist off my chest because I am going to lean on that excuse heavily when reporting on Professor Peter Hagelstein’s presentation.
Phonons are what separate condensed matter from the other states.
Here is a visual of phonons taken from Wikipedia.
However phonons and quantum tunneling effects were well understood in 1989.
The crux of the argument (of Prof. Hagelstein) turned on the loading of hydrogen or deuterium into the nickel lattice. Fleischmann and Pons insisted that to get the thing to work one had to have high loadings. It was generally understood that the peak loading comes in at 0.84. Michael McKubre showed that the effect initiated at 0.9 and peaked at 0.94, above the maximum predicted by theory. SRI‘s lab was reporting loadings of 0.96. The other scientists said “But we have maximum loading, according to theory.”
OK let’s move this thing along a bit. It is not a trivial problem, so I shall skip important considerations like ‘electron cloud densities in the octahedral sites’, where the hydrogen and deuterium sit. And then there are the Hamiltonian equations to think about, which model the total energy of the system, and the problem of scaling 9 orders of magnitude to enable the coupling of nuclear and phonon energies. (Why does the image of Chihuahuas and St Bernard dogs spring to mind?)
On consideration I cannot précis 30 years of experimental and theoretical work down to a one-liner. But it is enough to say that it is accessible, and there is a lot of it.
However I understand Professor Peter Hagelstein to say he chose Mercury because it had the “closest (lowest) nuclear energy to phonon energy”, i.e. it presents the least worst coupling problem. (The smallest St Bernard dog. Now to find the biggest Chihuahua)
He plugged the numbers into his model and predicted that the surface of the mercury would produce collimated x-rays. And it worked. Put that in your pipe and smoke it.
A quick note on the relationship between x-rays and gamma radiation. They are both photons with the difference that x-rays come from the electron cloud and gamma comes from the nucleus. There is plenty of spectrum overlap.
Michael McKubre says that it is now up to the empiricists to provide more data for the theoreticians to work with.
Seeing that we are enthusiastically bailing out the banks perhaps just a small fraction? A teeny tiny little bit? After all we are talking about the viability of our existence on this planet.
Think about it. –Arthur Robey
Sunday night. 12th Aug 2012
Boy, I am glad that I don’t eat like that every day.
A bus picked us up in front of the hotels. It was full of professors from all over the world. Never have I been in the presence of such a high powered group. I got to talk with nearly everybody. As soon as the official photographs are released I shall get them on the website.
But now we must talk of Professor Yeong E Kim’s contribution last Friday.
Kim, Y.E. Conventional Nuclear Theory of Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions in Metals: Alternative Approach to Clean Fusion Energy Generation in 17th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2012. Daejeon, Korea. .pdf
John Huizenga had “three miracles” that must be overcome to validate Fleischmann and Pons‘ claim.
1. The Coulomb Barrier suppression.
2. No Nuclear products
3. A momentum violation in 3 Space (plus time)
In answer, from several hundred experiments, we find that the Coulomb Barrier is, somehow, “suppressed” between two deuterium atoms.
And there are nuclear products. Notably, tritium, which I have previously explained does not hang around too long (there’s very little of it around naturally) and therefore, its presence cannot be from an ambient source.
Helium 4 is also produced proportional to the amount of energy produced.
Radiation is detected, but not the 23.8 MeV predicted by hot fusion.
I was talking to Professor Xing-Zhong Li, head of the Fusion Power Program at Tsinghua University in Beijing, China. He pointed out that the sun produces very few neutrons. So why the demand that CF produce a shower of lethal neutrons to be real? Is the sun not real?
But I digress.
Professor Kim then began to address his colleagues in mathematical formulae. The gist of it – that I gathered – is that the Gamow factor in a dense matrix of matter does not apply as it does in (high energy) free space, and, the coulomb barrier is overcome by the stopping power of the deuteron loaded matrix.
I think of it this way. Consider a bullet hitting a feather. The bullet has to hit very fast to smash the feather or the feather just moves out of the way. This is the free (Hot Fusion) situation.
Now think of a bullet hitting a large metal plate. The bullet in this case does not have to be going too fast to impart its energy to the iron plate. (The Solid State situation) Remember the extreme pressure environment due to Nernst’s law. (I seem to recall that the Brownian motion due to thermal agitation is about 1000 km/hr.)
In any event, ‘the circumstances of Cold Fusion are not the circumstances of hot fusion.’
Professor Yeong also invoked the Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) idea mathematically, using two routes. Both these routes agreed to within a factor of 2.
Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle says that an objects position and momentum may not both be known. The more you know of an object’s position, the less certainty there is to its momentum. Bose Einstein Condensates have been made by restricting an object’s momentum to close to zero by lowering its temperature towards absolute zero, whereby its position grows to macroscopic volumes.
Here is a picture of one being formed. Wiki
The obverse also applies. If a (deuteron) particle’s position is confined in a trap, then its momentum tends towards infinity, perhaps more than enough to penetrate the Coulomb barrier.
I think that I have done more than enough damage to Professor Kim’s explanation.
If you want a corrected interpretation perhaps you can contact him here. Or you could save up now for ICCF18. Bring your friends.
All the errors are mine. —Arthur Robey
Monday 13th Aug 2012
Last night I went out with the boys for dinner. One of the boys turned out to be Nicholas Chauvin, the owner of LENR Cars. I did not seek him out. We were just having beers at a delightful Korean restaurant and so it emerged. I could write the whole dispatch on him and his project alone, but it is just once such event: these are extra-ordinary times and extra-ordinary people.
I am sure my Korean hosts wonder what on earth I am doing here, so obviously out of my depth. But I answered them that in spite of my difficulties understanding the physics, there is no place on the planet that I would rather be.
And speaking of extra-ordinary people we started the day with a memorial speech for Professor Fleischmann given by his friend Dr. Michael McKubre. I learned that Dr Fleischmann was a delight to be with and that his sentences were carefully crafted to have many levels and maximum effect. What a loss, and what an injustice.
These dispatches are going to earn me a reputation as a name dropper. For that I apologize, but imagine a hall of approximately 200 distinguished professors. I am the fisherman who drops his line into the water and every time catches a huge fish. Yes, that is what it is, a huge school of professors.
Defkalion was there. They laid a lot of their cards on the table. Not all mark you, but I got the feeling that they were engendering a more healthy relationship with the academics and pure researchers.
I asked Professor Meulenberg if he thought that their model of the hydrogen atom was correct and he said that he believed that ‘it was not necessary to invoke a highly oblate orbit in order to get the electron close enough to the proton to cancel out the Coulomb charge.’ He felt that this Condensed Matter Nuclear Physics is going to move Quantum Physics from a very useful tool into one that is both useful and intuitive.
I think that I understand parts of his model and it would be a dereliction of duty for me to not at least try to impart my understanding to you…,well…er…I did try, but find that too many of my sacred cows are being skittled. I had better leave the task to brighter minds than mine.
How many years have we used fire? Yet it is only in the last two hundred that we have understood that it is a chemical process. Complete knowledge is not necessary for a useful application.
What I hope to impart to you is that the importance of this field is going to be far greater than merely saving civilization. It will revolutionize physics. There will be papers published sometime after the closing ceremony and those interested can read them and get a far more accurate picture of what is being considered.
Lunch was a feast for the eye as well as nourishment for the soul. My photos remain locked in my camera. If only either of my sons were here they would find it a trivial task to leach them off into my computer and hence onto the web.
It is in the nature of a conversation with bright minds that the data rate is high, and so it is with these events. What has surprised me is the number of contenders in the race to bring non-theoretical applications to you, the consumer.
In the beer drinking symposium (Symposium means drinking together), it was speculated that in the future, all these miracles will be taken for granted, in much the same way we are taking the internet, flight, and all the other fruits of research for granted now.
By the way girls, there are some incredibly good catches here. The young men are coming into the field. It is a self-selection process. You might want to join in the fun too. –Arthur Robey
Tuesday 14th Aug 2012
One of my peers is a climate skeptic and claims we are going into another ice age. I replied that I was indifferent to the excuses.
Because of my night out I had a sleep-in and had to miss breakfast, but with this missive, I shall repair shortcomings of the last dispatch. There is a lot of ground to cover.
There are two reasons to do experiments on Cold Fusion.
The first is scientific: to verify and understand the anomalous heat effect (AHE).
The other reason is to produce a marketable product, something useful.
And then there are the experiments that have a foot in each camp.
The NANOR is such a device, and Professor Peter Hagelstein chose as his topic to discuss the NANOR. (Now there is an interesting and informative website! Thanks Barry.)
This [the NANOR] is a device about the size of an electronic resistor that produces heat on-demand in a highly reproducible and consistent way.
Actually the reproducibility issue is becoming a bit of a yawn. I have a PDF of the talk by Prof Hagelstein but there are copyright issues so my urge to cut and paste the beautiful curves will have to be suppressed. Enough to say that the energy gain is 16.
Professor Hagelstein was asked why the device was so small, and can we scale it up?
He answered that it is a lot cheaper, and with quicker results, if experiments are done on small scale. (This is in contrast to most hot fusion devices. I give a nod of recognition to Focused Beam Fusion)
Michael McKubre has been vaporizing tiny pieces of ‘saturated and prepared wire’ in liquid nitrogen. By measuring the amount of nitrogen vaporized, this told him how much power he had generated.
David Kidwell challenged Dr McKubre’s method because of the presence of ammonia in the liquid nitrogen from the manufacturing process. Liquid ammonia vaporizes at -50C so it would be a component of the volume measured.
I gather they are going to sort it out behind the bike shed. That is how science is done.
It was pointed out to me by one of the wives that I am not the only Australian in the pack. I tracked down Steve Heaton, and he represents Star Scientific. When I went to the east coast to buy my motorbike, Ruby asked me to interview them. My request was rejected.
Star Scientific is taking the muon catalyzed fusion approach. Understanding that I did not want to embarrass Steve, I quizzed him cautiously and asked him if he felt optimistic. After some reflection he said that he did. You will have to be satisfied with that.
There were many other lectures. Most were unintelligible to me because of the language barrier, my ignorance, and my loss of consciousness. It was a late night. I am sure they were important lectures, but if you pay peanuts you get monkeys. (Me)
But what I did get from Professor Celani’s presentation is that constantan is even more permeable to hydrogen than Palladium. A working demonstration was set up for us to look at. David A Kidwell from the Naval research center cast his critical eye over the apparatus and I understand that there were some things he would have done differently, (Is there such a thing as a perfect machine?), but it got a nod of approval.
It is gas loaded and runs at >100°C. I believe it was running at about 1.16 efficiency. Celani said that tomorrow it would perform even better. I shall correct that figure in tomorrows dispatch. It is a scientific demonstration that achieves its goal of repeatability.
Naoko Takahashi presented a demonstration on how to prepare the surface of palladium to increase its permeability. She was sponsored by Toyota. I do not know of any other giant manufacturing company supporting this research. She is young and competent. I wish her a successful career.
David Kidwell rushed through a lecture at the end of the day in which he demonstrated a video of a Sterling motor that he had running (assisted ) on anomalous heat generated simply by pressurizing and depressurizing H2 and D2. The best explanation that I have is that I have got the wrong end of the stick. It was a long day.
David French and I met. He is as straight as an arrow; nice bloke. We decided to collaborate, but the day was too full.
I must apologize for not covering the other speakers. –Arthur Robey
Thursday 16th Aug 2012
Pictures!
We await Mr. Robey’s descriptors, but I couldn’t resist posting them up bare naked anyway! –Ruby Carat
Thursday continued…
If you ever get lost, do it in Korea.
The taxi dropped me off in front of the K1 building, and it was locked. Now what? Breakfast is always a good thing. I went to the café to re-group. I wondered around the campus in a purposeful manner. (I know what I am doing, right?)
I went to the entrance gate where the guards are. They understood. I am an idiot tourist who hasn’t a clue. I am embarrassed and try to escape. They insisted that I was theirs now. They found a student and we worked out that I was nowhere near my target. They summoned a taxi, explained where I am going and I am saved.
Try to be kind to foreigners and small children.
What I am trying to say is that I missed two of the most important theoretical lectures, one by Professor Hagelstein and another by Professor Meulenberg.
I marched in as Professor Vladimir Vyovskii offered his interpretation of the empiricists’ findings. My jaw dropped when he took a large hammer to Planks constant, ħ. He bent it horribly out of shape. He said that ħ lives on the border between classical physics and Quantum physics and therefore it should be stretched out to cover classical physics. All you classical people now live in a quantum world.
With this assumption, he dived into the mathematics (which I would describe to you – but haven’t the time), got his computer to draw up some theoretical graphs, and overlaid them on the empirical results. Not quite a prediction, more sort of post-diction. His fit impressed me.
I happen to know that while Professors Meulenberg and Vyovskii are hell bent on having a good time at the expense of Quantum theory, while Professor Hagelstein believes that the answer lies somewhere in the existing theories, if only he could find it. (Recall his convincing prediction of collimated x-rays.)
For those who concern themselves in such matters, copies of the papers can be found here. You will find the link under “News” as soon as they release their final drafts.
Dawn D Dominguez of the Naval Surface Warfare Centre, USA told us how she tried to disprove Drs. Fleischmann and Pons, and failed. In other words she lobbed stones at this little boat and it would not go down. That is the nature of the scientific method. Science can only disprove things, it cannot prove things. So the next time someone tells you that it is scientifically proven, tell them that nothing is.
An AK 47 round discharges 2kJ. Run #64 produced a spike of 10kJ, five times that of a 7.62 round. Therefore, the Fleischmann and Pons experiment was not disproved.
Dr. Yasuhiro Iwamura of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries explained how they have been layering palladium with compounds, for instance calcium oxide, and diffusing deuterium through the diaphragm to transmute elements successfully. He sees the potential to make scarce elements on demand. They have been doing this research for the past 13 years.
I guess now we can’t squabble over mineral deposits. We will have to find some other rationalization for our insanities. It is going to be hard.
Dr. Jean-Paul Biberian turned off one of his experiments and went home for the weekend. When he got in on Monday morning, it had exploded. Critics supposed it was a hydrogen/oxygen explosion so, just like in the Mythbusters, he tried to explode his apparatus by filling a copy up with hydrogen and oxygen and firing it off with a platinum wire. It went “pop” in a dispirited sort of way. Nothing, nada. Myth Busted. The explosion was not chemical.
Don’t try this at home kids.
There is so much more to tell and the good news is that my contretemps with the photos is resolved. When I get home, I shall compile them into a digestible essay for your gratification.
I see that Ruby is already onto the case. Thank you Ruby. –Arthur Robey
LAST WORD from Daejeon
Tomorrow I am taking the bullet train to Seoul to begin my journey.
I have had a ball.
Good night. –Arthur Robey
Thank you Arthur!!! –Ruby
MORE
Skype: sunwonpark
To participants of ICCF-17: Greetings from the Groundlings by zed short
Brillouin Energy presentation ICCF17_Tanzella_Brillouin
Celani, F., et al., Cu-Ni-Mn alloy wires, with improved sub-micrometric surfaces, used as LENR device by new transparent, dissipation-type, calorimeter ICCF-17 Presentation .pdf
Celani, F., et al. Cu-Ni-Mn alloy wires, with improved submicrometric surfaces, used as LENR device by new transparent, dissipation-type, calorimeter in 17th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 2012. Daejeon, Korea. .pdf
