A new book Developments in Electrochemistry: Science Inspired by Martin Fleischmann has been published by John Wiley.
From the description:
Martin Fleischmann was truly one of the ‘fathers’ of modern electrochemistry having made major contributions to diverse topics within electrochemical science and technology. These include the theory and practice of voltammetry and in situ spectroscopic techniques, instrumentation, electrochemical phase formation, corrosion, electrochemical engineering, electrosynthesis and cold fusion.
While intended to honour the memory of Martin Fleischmann, Developments in Electrochemistry is neither a biography nor a history of his contributions. Rather, the book is a series of critical reviews of topics in electrochemical science associated with Martin Fleischmann but remaining important today. The authors are all scientists with outstanding international reputations who have made their own contribution to their topic; most have also worked with Martin Fleischmann and benefitted from his guidance.
Each of the 19 chapters within this volume begin with an outline of Martin Fleischmann’s contribution to the topic, followed by examples of research, established applications and prospects for future developments.
The book is of interest to both students and experienced workers in universities and industry who are active in developing electrochemical science.
Nineteen chapters survey a host of topics in Electrochemistry, a field Fleischmann dominated with skills that put him at the top of a talented group. Chapter 13 looks at his work in cold fusion and is written by electrochemists Dr. Melvin Miles, a now-retired Navy scientist, and Dr. Michael McKubre of SRI International, both of whom collaborated with Fleischmann for over a decade.
The chapter’s contents focus on heat measurements, a seemingly simple operation that proves to be much more difficult in practice.
13 Cold Fusion After A Quarter-Century: The Pd/D System 245
by Melvin H. Miles and Michael C.H. McKubre
13.1 The Reproducibility Issue 247
13.2 Palladium–Deuterium Loading 247
13.3 Electrochemical Calorimetry 249
13.4 Isoperibolic Calorimetric Equations and Modeling 250
13.5 Calorimetric Approximations 251
13.6 Numerical Integration of Calorimetric Data 252
13.7 Examples of Fleischmann’s Calorimetric Applications 254
13.8 Reported Reaction Products for the Pd/D System 256
13.8.1 Helium-4 256
13.8.2 Tritium 256
13.8.3 Neutrons, X-Rays, and Transmutations 257
13.9 Present Status of Cold Fusion 257
Acknowledgments 258
References 258
“No one knew calorimetry better than Martin Fleischmann,” says Miles. “He could do things that no one else could do, no one in the world.”
“I believe the chapters in this book will also show Martin’s unusual skill with mathematics. This skill is also shown in the calorimetric equations that he developed for cold fusion and his unmatched ability for the analysis of the calorimetric data,” adds Miles. “I hope the cold fusion chapter in this book will help others to appreciate that Martin’s greatness as a scientist carried over into his work on the palladium/ deuterium system.”
McKubre agrees. “Martin Fleischmann’s name is associated with more innovation in Electrochemistry than any other individual – in the schools where I was trained he was worshiped as a founding father.”
That assessment is a far cry from former-American Physical Society Information Officer/Spokesman Robert Park who derided Fleischmann’s contribution, along with that of his University of Utah research partner Dr. Stanley Pons, saying in the documentary film The Believers, “this was not their field”, and claiming Fleischmann‘s career was based “on one experiment and not much else.”
Science Inspired reveals the wide and influential scope of Fleischmann’s work before the scientific question of the century eclipsed all other research, and after. Read Chapter 1 Martin Fleischmann: The Scientist and the Person compliments of google books here.
Table of Contents
List of Contributors xiii
1 Martin Fleischmann – The Scientist and the Person 1
2 A Critical Review of the Methods Available for Quantitative Evaluation of Electrode Kinetics at Stationary Macrodisk Electrodes 21
Alan M. Bond, Elena A. Mashkina and Alexandr N. Simonov
2.1 DC Cyclic Voltammetry 23
2.1.1 Principles 23
2.1.2 Processing DC Cyclic Voltammetric Data 26
2.1.3 Semiintegration 29
2.2 AC Voltammetry 32
2.2.1 Advanced Methods of Theory–Experiment Comparison 35
2.3 Experimental Studies 36
2.3.1 Reduction of [Ru(NH3)6]3+ in an Aqueous Medium 36
2.3.2 Oxidation of FeII(C5H5)2 in an Aprotic Solvent 40
2.3.3 Reduction of [Fe(CN)6]3− in an Aqueous Electrolyte 42
2.4 Conclusions and Outlook 43
References 45
3 Electrocrystallization: Modeling and Its Application 49
Morteza Y. Abyaneh
3.1 Modeling Electrocrystallization Processes 53
3.2 Applications of Models 56
3.2.1 The Deposition of Lead Dioxide 58
3.2.2 The Electrocrystallization of Cobalt 60
3.3 Summary and Conclusions 61
References 63
4 Nucleation and Growth of New Phases on Electrode Surfaces 65
Benjamin R. Scharifker and Jorge Mostany
4.1 An Overview of Martin Fleischmann’s Contributions to Electrochemical Nucleation Studies 66
4.2 Electrochemical Nucleation with Diffusion-Controlled Growth 67
4.3 Mathematical Modeling of Nucleation and Growth Processes 68
4.4 The Nature of Active Sites 69
4.5 Induction Times and the Onset of Electrochemical Phase Formation Processes 71
4.6 Conclusion 72
References 72
5 Organic Electrosynthesis 77
Derek Pletcher
5.1 Indirect Electrolysis 79
5.2 Intermediates for Families of Reactions 80
5.3 Selective Fluorination 84
5.4 Two-Phase Electrolysis 85
5.5 Electrode Materials 87
5.6 Towards Pharmaceutical Products 88
5.7 Future Prospects 90
References 91
6 Electrochemical Engineering and Cell Design 95
Frank C. Walsh and Derek Pletcher
6.1 Principles of Electrochemical Reactor Design 96
6.1.1 Cell Potential 96
6.1.2 The Rate of Chemical Change 97
6.2 Decisions During the Process of Cell Design 98
6.2.1 Strategic Decisions 98
6.2.2 Divided and Undivided Cells 98
6.2.3 Monopolar and Bipolar Electrical Connections to Electrodes 99
6.2.4 Scaling the Cell Current 100
6.2.5 Porous 3D Electrode Structures 100
6.2.6 Interelectrode Gap 101
6.3 The Influence of Electrochemical Engineering on the Chlor-Alkali Industry 102
6.4 Parallel Plate Cells 105
6.5 Redox Flow Batteries 106
6.6 Rotating Cylinder Electrode Cells 107
6.7 Conclusions 108
References 109
7 Electrochemical Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (EC-SERS): Early History, Principles, Methods, and Experiments 113
Zhong-Qun Tian and Xue-Min Zhang
7.1 Early History of Electrochemical Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy 116
7.2 Principles and Methods of SERS 117
7.2.1 Electromagnetic Enhancement of SERS 118
7.2.2 Key Factors Influencing SERS 119
7.2.3 “Borrowing SERS Activity” Methods 121
7.2.4 Shell-Isolated Nanoparticle-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy 123
7.3 Features of EC-SERS 124
7.3.1 Electrochemical Double Layer of EC-SERS Systems 124
7.3.2 Electrolyte Solutions and Solvent Dependency 125
7.4 EC-SERS Experiments 125
7.4.1 Measurement Procedures for EC-SERS 125
7.4.2 Experimental Set-Up for EC-SERS 127
7.4.3 Preparation of SERS Substrates 128
Acknowledgments 131
References 131
8 Applications of Electrochemical Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (EC-SERS) 137
Marco Musiani, Jun-Yang Liu and Zhong-Qun Tian
8.1 Pyridine Adsorption on Different Metal Surfaces 138
8.2 Interfacial Water on Different Metals 141
8.3 Coadsorption of Thiourea with Inorganic Anions 143
8.4 Electroplating Additives 146
8.5 Inhibition of Copper Corrosion 147
8.6 Extension of SERS to the Corrosion of Fe and Its Alloys: Passivity 149
8.6.1 Fe-on-Ag 150
8.6.2 Ag-on-Fe 150
8.7 SERS of Corrosion Inhibitors on Bare Transition Metal Electrodes 150
8.8 Lithium Batteries 152
8.9 Intermediates of Electrocatalysis 154
Acknowledgments 156
References 156
9 In-Situ Scanning Probe Microscopies: Imaging and Beyond 163
Bing-Wei Mao
9.1 Principle of In-Situ STM and In-Situ AFM 164
9.1.1 Principle of In-Situ STM 164
9.1.2 Principle of In-Situ AFM 166
9.2 In-Situ STM Characterization of Surface Electrochemical Processes 167
9.2.1 In-Situ STM Study of Electrode–Aqueous Solution Interfaces 167
9.2.2 In-Situ STM Study of Electrode–Ionic Liquid Interface 167
9.3 In-Situ AFM Probing of Electric Double Layer 170
9.4 Electrochemical STM Break-Junction for Surface Nanostructuring and Nanoelectronics and Molecular Electronics 173
9.5 Outlook 176
References 177
10 In-Situ Infrared Spectroelectrochemical Studies of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction 183
Richard J. Nichols
10.1 The H+/H2 Couple 183
10.2 Single-Crystal Surfaces 184
10.3 Subtractively Normalized Interfacial Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy 186
10.4 Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy 189
10.5 Surface-Enhanced IR Absorption Spectroscopy 190
10.6 In-Situ Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy 193
10.7 Spectroscopy at Single-Crystal Surfaces 194
10.8 Overall Conclusions 197
References 198
11 Electrochemical Noise: A Powerful General Tool 201
Claude Gabrielli and David E. Williams
11.1 Instrumentation 202
11.2 Applications 204
11.2.1 Elementary Phenomena 204
11.2.2 Bioelectrochemistry 205
11.2.3 Electrocrystallization 207
11.2.4 Corrosion 209
11.2.5 Other Systems 215
11.3 Conclusions 217
References 217
12 From Microelectrodes to Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy 223
Salvatore Daniele and Guy Denuault
12.1 The Contribution of Microelectrodes to Electroanalytical Chemistry 224
12.1.1 Advantages of Microelectrodes in Electroanalysis 224
12.1.2 Microelectrodes and Electrode Materials 226
12.1.3 New Applications of Microelectrodes in Electroanalysis 227
12.2 Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) 230
12.2.1 A Brief History of SECM 230
12.2.2 SECM with Other Techniques 231
12.2.3 Tip Geometries and the Need for Numerical Modeling 233
12.2.4 Applications of SECM 234
12.3 Conclusions 235
References 235
13 Cold Fusion After A Quarter-Century: The Pd/D System 245
Melvin H. Miles and Michael C.H. McKubre
13.1 The Reproducibility Issue 247
13.2 Palladium–Deuterium Loading 247
13.3 Electrochemical Calorimetry 249
13.4 Isoperibolic Calorimetric Equations and Modeling 250
13.5 Calorimetric Approximations 251
13.6 Numerical Integration of Calorimetric Data 252
13.7 Examples of Fleischmann’s Calorimetric Applications 254
13.8 Reported Reaction Products for the Pd/D System 256
13.8.1 Helium-4 256
13.8.2 Tritium 256
13.8.3 Neutrons, X-Rays, and Transmutations 257
13.9 Present Status of Cold Fusion 257
Acknowledgments 258
References 258
14 In-Situ X-Ray Diffraction of Electrode Surface Structure 261
Andrea E. Russell, Stephen W.T. Price and Stephen J. Thompson
14.1 Early Work 262
14.2 Synchrotron-Based In-Situ XRD 264
14.3 Studies Inspired by Martin Fleischmann’s Work 266
14.3.1 Structure of Water at the Interface 266
14.3.2 Adsorption of Ions 268
14.3.3 Oxide/Hydroxide Formation 268
14.3.4 Underpotential Deposition (upd) of Monolayers 270
14.3.5 Reconstructions of Single-Crystal Surfaces 275
14.3.6 High-Surface-Area Electrode Structures 275
14.4 Conclusions 277
References 277
15 Tribocorrosion 281
Robert J.K. Wood
15.1 Introduction and Definitions 281
15.1.1 Tribocorrosion 282
15.1.2 Erosion 282
15.2 Particle–Surface Interactions 283
15.3 Depassivation and Repassivation Kinetics 283
15.3.1 Depassivation 284
15.3.2 Repassivation Rate 286
15.4 Models and Mapping 287
15.5 Electrochemical Monitoring of Erosion–Corrosion 290
15.6 Tribocorrosion within the Body: Metal-on-Metal Hip Joints 291
15.7 Conclusions 293
Acknowledgments 293
References 293
16 Hard Science at Soft Interfaces 295
Hubert H. Girault
16.1 Charge Transfer Reactions at Soft Interfaces 295
16.1.1 Ion Transfer Reactions 296
16.1.2 Assisted Ion Transfer Reactions 298
16.1.3 Electron Transfer Reactions 299
16.2 Electrocatalysis at Soft Interfaces 300
16.2.1 Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) 301
16.2.2 Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) 302
16.3 Micro- and Nano-Soft Interfaces 304
16.4 Plasmonics at Soft Interfaces 305
16.5 Conclusions and Future Developments 305
References 307
17 Electrochemistry in Unusual Fluids 309
Philip N. Bartlett
17.1 Electrochemistry in Plasmas 310
17.2 Electrochemistry in Supercritical Fluids 314
17.2.1 Applications of SCF Electrochemistry 321
17.3 Conclusions 325
Acknowledgments 325
References 325
18 Aspects of Light-Driven Water Splitting 331
Laurence Peter
18.1 A Very Brief History of Semiconductor Electrochemistry 332
18.2 Thermodynamic and Kinetic Criteria for Light-Driven Water Splitting 334
18.3 Kinetics of Minority Carrier Reactions at Semiconductor Electrodes 336
18.4 The Importance of Electron–Hole Recombination 338
18.5 Fermi Level Splitting in the Semiconductor–Electrolyte Junction 339
18.6 A Simple Model for Light-Driven Water-Splitting Reaction 341
18.7 Evidence for Slow Electron Transfer During Light-Driven Water Splitting 343
18.8 Conclusions 345
Acknowledgments 345
References 346
19 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy 349
Samin Sharifi-Asl and Digby D. Macdonald
19.1 Theory 350
19.2 The Point Defect Model 350
19.2.1 Calculation of Y0F 355
19.2.2 Calculation of ΔC0 i ΔU 355
19.2.3 Calculation of ΔCL v ΔU 356
19.3 The Passivation of Copper in Sulfide-Containing Brine 357
19.4 Summary and Conclusions 363
Acknowledgments 363
References 363
Index 367
nice finding
is electrochemistry community preparing to bounce back and challenge the consensus? few days before the D-Day ?
Is it Paris or Varsovie insurection?
Apparently the University of Utah just isn’t in the club. Henry Eyring was also from the University of Utah. He was one of the greatest chemists of the 20th century and “his failure to receive the Nobel prize was a matter of surprise to many”.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Eyring
Excellent work,
Fleischmann went on to teach at King’s College, Durham University, which in 1963 became the newly established University of Newcastle upon Tyne. In 1967, Fleischmann became Professor of Electrochemistry at the University of Southampton, occupying the Faraday Chair of Chemistry. From 1970 to 1972, he was president of the International Society of Electrochemists. In 1973, together with Patrick J. Hendra and A. James McQuillan, he played an important role in the discovery of Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering effect (SERS) a contribution for which the University of Southampton was awarded a National Chemical Landmark plaque by the Royal Society of Chemistry in 2013, and he developed the ultramicroelectrode in the 1980s. In 1979, he was awarded the medal for electrochemistry and thermodynamics by the Royal Society of London. In 1982 he retired from the University of Southampton. In 1985 he received the Palladium Medal from the US Electrochemical Society, and in 1986 was elected to the Fellowship of the Royal Society. He retired from teaching in 1983 and was given an honorary professorship at Southampton University.
Thank you
Imaging the World. Landmark Award for Chemistry Breakthrough – University of Southampton
http://www.southampton.ac.uk/promotion/surface_enhanced_raman_spectroscopy_01.shtml
The University of Southampton’s Chemistry department has been awarded a National Chemical Landmark blue plaque by the Royal Society of Chemistry, to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the discovery of a technique that has revolutionised science. The technique is now used for detecting tiny quantities of molecules, in situations from crime scene forensic analysis, to drug detection, to establishing the origins of works of art.
The discovery was made in the 1970s by Professors Martin Fleischmann, Patrick Hendra and Jim McQuillan, at the University of Southampton. The team found that by roughening the metal surface upon which they were looking at molecules, they could increase the signal by which they could detect these molecules, by a million times.
The Discovery of Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering – by A. James McQuillan
http://rsnr.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/63/1/105.full
I am grateful to Martin Fleischmann and Pat Hendra for providing comments on this account and for their support of this publication.
© 2009 The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science
@ Greg Goble
Regarding:
Imaging the World. Landmark Award for Chemistry Breakthrough – University of Southampton
http://www.southampton.ac.uk/promotion/surface_enhanced_raman_spectroscopy_01.shtml
The University of Southampton’s Chemistry department has been awarded a National Chemical Landmark blue plaque by the Royal Society of Chemistry, to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the discovery of a technique that has revolutionised science. The technique is now used for detecting tiny quantities of molecules, in situations from crime scene forensic analysis, to drug detection, to establishing the origins of works of art.
It is not generally known that Martin Fleischmann founded two directly related branches of science: LENR and Nanoplasmonics.
These two sciences have since diverged with one in disrepute (LENR) and one highly regarded as a cutting edge science (Nanoplasmonics).
I consider that Nanoplasmonics is the quintessential expression of the electrochemists art, a science conceived and brought into being by progenitor and paterfamilias of LENR, Martin Fleischmann himself back in 1974.
But basically they both deal with the same zoo of quantum mechanical phenomena.
.
These days as an optical science, mainstream academic Nanoplasmonics does not involve itself in the canalization of nuclear activity, but there is a family of easily replicated third party laser based crossover Nanoplasmonic experiments that show how Nanoplasmonics can produce unexplained nuclear activity.
One of the reasons why so little progress (really none) has been made in grasping the full richness in the field of LENR and the formulation of its theory is that no LENR theoreticians are willing to understand nanoplasmonics as the conceptual foundation and underpinning for LENR.
Those who are willing to take on the challenge to understand the newly born science and apply its principles in revealing the essence of LENR will be rewarded with comprehension of the full scope and richness of LENR behavior.
Here is a good introduction to this new science that Martin Fleischmann started back in 1974:
Nanoplasmonics: The Physics behind the Applications
http://www.phy-astr.gsu.edu/stockman/data/Stockman_Phys_Today_2011_Physics_behind_Applications.pdf