Japanese Cold Fusion Research Society meeting papers released

The Japanese Cold Fusion Research Society (JCF) held its 14th meeting last December at the Tokyo Institute of Technology, where Dr. X.F. Wang of Arata R&D Center and Hydrogen Eng. A&D Co. and Hideki Yoshino of Clean Planet, Inc. both reported on academic and industry researchers presenting their most recent results.

The JCF-14 Proceedings edited by Akira Kitamura of Technova, Inc. and Kobe University consists of papers of presenters at the event.

“… cold fusion has a potential ability to establish a small-scale, radiationless nuclear reactor, and hopefully to shorten half-lives of radioactive wastes by nuclear transmutation,” writes Kitamura in the Preface.

He believes that this approach has the potential …

“not only to realize an environmentally-sound nuclear power system with zero emission of the greenhouse gases and other harmful oxides, but also to develop a novel technique for disposal of the nuclear wastes produced by fission reactors.”

Transmutation data was presented by several speakers including Yasuhiro Iwamura and S. Tsuruga of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Hideo Kozima of Cold Fusion Research Lab. Several theoretical papers are published as well.

Of particular interest to general readers is Hideo Kozima‘s paper What is cold fusion?

In the essay, he defines: The CFP (Cold Fusion Phenomenon) stands for “nuclear reactions and accompanying events occurring in open (with external particle and energy supplies), non-equilibrium system composed of solids with high densities of hydrogen isotopes (H and/or D) in ambient radiation” belonging to Solid-State Nuclear Physics (SSNP) or Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (CMNS). (CFRL News No.81, http://www.geocities.jp/hjrfq930/).

Kozima goes on to say, “The most important fields of the CFP developed after the initial discovery in 1989 are various kinds of events in protium systems and the nuclear transmutations both in deuterium and protium systems which have not been in their targets of the evaluation of the two DOE Reports [DOE Reports 1989, 2004].”

His survey of CF data has caused him to write the “irreproducibility of events in the CFP [cold fusion phenomenon] discussed in Sec. 3 is closely related to the complexity in this phenomenon.” Solutions to data sets are “using the Feigenbaum’s theorem describing a nature of an equation of nonlinear dynamics [Kozima 2012, 2013]”. In response, Kozima presents a “TNCF model [Kozima 1998, 2006] with a single adjustable parameter nn is based on the whole experimental facts obtained in materials composed of various host solids and hydrogen isotopes not only deuterium but also protium.”

Find the essay What is Cold Fusion? by Hideo Kozima in the JCF-14 Proceedings. [.pdf]

See also:

Industry and academic partnerships report from JCF-14 meeting

“Science Inspired by Martin Fleischmann”

cover-1A new book Developments in Electrochemistry: Science Inspired by Martin Fleischmann has been published by John Wiley.

From the description:

Martin Fleischmann was truly one of the ‘fathers’ of modern electrochemistry having made major contributions to diverse topics within electrochemical science and technology. These include the theory and practice of voltammetry and in situ spectroscopic techniques, instrumentation, electrochemical phase formation, corrosion, electrochemical engineering, electrosynthesis and cold fusion.

While intended to honour the memory of Martin Fleischmann, Developments in Electrochemistry is neither a biography nor a history of his contributions. Rather, the book is a series of critical reviews of topics in electrochemical science associated with Martin Fleischmann but remaining important today. The authors are all scientists with outstanding international reputations who have made their own contribution to their topic; most have also worked with Martin Fleischmann and benefitted from his guidance.

Each of the 19 chapters within this volume begin with an outline of Martin Fleischmann’s contribution to the topic, followed by examples of research, established applications and prospects for future developments.

The book is of interest to both students and experienced workers in universities and industry who are active in developing electrochemical science.

Nineteen chapters survey a host of topics in Electrochemistry, a field Fleischmann dominated with skills that put him at the top of a talented group. Chapter 13 looks at his work in cold fusion and is written by electrochemists Dr. Melvin Miles, a now-retired Navy scientist, and Dr. Michael McKubre of SRI International, both of whom collaborated with Fleischmann for over a decade.

The chapter’s contents focus on heat measurements, a seemingly simple operation that proves to be much more difficult in practice.

13 Cold Fusion After A Quarter-Century: The Pd/D System 245
by Melvin H. Miles and Michael C.H. McKubre

13.1 The Reproducibility Issue 247
13.2 Palladium–Deuterium Loading 247
13.3 Electrochemical Calorimetry 249
13.4 Isoperibolic Calorimetric Equations and Modeling 250
13.5 Calorimetric Approximations 251
13.6 Numerical Integration of Calorimetric Data 252
13.7 Examples of Fleischmann’s Calorimetric Applications 254
13.8 Reported Reaction Products for the Pd/D System 256
13.8.1 Helium-4 256
13.8.2 Tritium 256
13.8.3 Neutrons, X-Rays, and Transmutations 257
13.9 Present Status of Cold Fusion 257
Acknowledgments 258
References 258

“No one knew calorimetry better than Martin Fleischmann,” says Miles. “He could do things that no one else could do, no one in the world.”

“I believe the chapters in this book will also show Martin’s unusual skill with mathematics. This skill is also shown in the calorimetric equations that he developed for cold fusion and his unmatched ability for the analysis of the calorimetric data,” adds Miles. “I hope the cold fusion chapter in this book will help others to appreciate that Martin’s greatness as a scientist carried over into his work on the palladium/ deuterium system.”

McKubre agrees. “Martin Fleischmann’s name is associated with more innovation in Electrochemistry than any other individual – in the schools where I was trained he was worshiped as a founding father.”

That assessment is a far cry from former-American Physical Society Information Officer/Spokesman Robert Park who derided Fleischmann’s contribution, along with that of his University of Utah research partner Dr. Stanley Pons, saying in the documentary film The Believers, “this was not their field”, and claiming Fleischmann‘s career was based “on one experiment and not much else.”

Science Inspired reveals the wide and influential scope of Fleischmann’s work before the scientific question of the century eclipsed all other research, and after. Read Chapter 1 Martin Fleischmann: The Scientist and the Person compliments of google books here.

Table of Contents

List of Contributors xiii

1 Martin Fleischmann – The Scientist and the Person 1

2 A Critical Review of the Methods Available for Quantitative Evaluation of Electrode Kinetics at Stationary Macrodisk Electrodes 21
Alan M. Bond, Elena A. Mashkina and Alexandr N. Simonov

2.1 DC Cyclic Voltammetry 23

2.1.1 Principles 23

2.1.2 Processing DC Cyclic Voltammetric Data 26

2.1.3 Semiintegration 29

2.2 AC Voltammetry 32

2.2.1 Advanced Methods of Theory–Experiment Comparison 35

2.3 Experimental Studies 36

2.3.1 Reduction of [Ru(NH3)6]3+ in an Aqueous Medium 36

2.3.2 Oxidation of FeII(C5H5)2 in an Aprotic Solvent 40

2.3.3 Reduction of [Fe(CN)6]3− in an Aqueous Electrolyte 42

2.4 Conclusions and Outlook 43

References 45

3 Electrocrystallization: Modeling and Its Application 49
Morteza Y. Abyaneh

3.1 Modeling Electrocrystallization Processes 53

3.2 Applications of Models 56

3.2.1 The Deposition of Lead Dioxide 58

3.2.2 The Electrocrystallization of Cobalt 60

3.3 Summary and Conclusions 61

References 63

4 Nucleation and Growth of New Phases on Electrode Surfaces 65
Benjamin R. Scharifker and Jorge Mostany

4.1 An Overview of Martin Fleischmann’s Contributions to Electrochemical Nucleation Studies 66

4.2 Electrochemical Nucleation with Diffusion-Controlled Growth 67

4.3 Mathematical Modeling of Nucleation and Growth Processes 68

4.4 The Nature of Active Sites 69

4.5 Induction Times and the Onset of Electrochemical Phase Formation Processes 71

4.6 Conclusion 72

References 72

5 Organic Electrosynthesis 77
Derek Pletcher

5.1 Indirect Electrolysis 79

5.2 Intermediates for Families of Reactions 80

5.3 Selective Fluorination 84

5.4 Two-Phase Electrolysis 85

5.5 Electrode Materials 87

5.6 Towards Pharmaceutical Products 88

5.7 Future Prospects 90

References 91

6 Electrochemical Engineering and Cell Design 95
Frank C. Walsh and Derek Pletcher

6.1 Principles of Electrochemical Reactor Design 96

6.1.1 Cell Potential 96

6.1.2 The Rate of Chemical Change 97

6.2 Decisions During the Process of Cell Design 98

6.2.1 Strategic Decisions 98

6.2.2 Divided and Undivided Cells 98

6.2.3 Monopolar and Bipolar Electrical Connections to Electrodes 99

6.2.4 Scaling the Cell Current 100

6.2.5 Porous 3D Electrode Structures 100

6.2.6 Interelectrode Gap 101

6.3 The Influence of Electrochemical Engineering on the Chlor-Alkali Industry 102

6.4 Parallel Plate Cells 105

6.5 Redox Flow Batteries 106

6.6 Rotating Cylinder Electrode Cells 107

6.7 Conclusions 108

References 109

7 Electrochemical Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (EC-SERS): Early History, Principles, Methods, and Experiments 113
Zhong-Qun Tian and Xue-Min Zhang

7.1 Early History of Electrochemical Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy 116

7.2 Principles and Methods of SERS 117

7.2.1 Electromagnetic Enhancement of SERS 118

7.2.2 Key Factors Influencing SERS 119

7.2.3 “Borrowing SERS Activity” Methods 121

7.2.4 Shell-Isolated Nanoparticle-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy 123

7.3 Features of EC-SERS 124

7.3.1 Electrochemical Double Layer of EC-SERS Systems 124

7.3.2 Electrolyte Solutions and Solvent Dependency 125

7.4 EC-SERS Experiments 125

7.4.1 Measurement Procedures for EC-SERS 125

7.4.2 Experimental Set-Up for EC-SERS 127

7.4.3 Preparation of SERS Substrates 128

Acknowledgments 131

References 131

8 Applications of Electrochemical Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (EC-SERS) 137
Marco Musiani, Jun-Yang Liu and Zhong-Qun Tian

8.1 Pyridine Adsorption on Different Metal Surfaces 138

8.2 Interfacial Water on Different Metals 141

8.3 Coadsorption of Thiourea with Inorganic Anions 143

8.4 Electroplating Additives 146

8.5 Inhibition of Copper Corrosion 147

8.6 Extension of SERS to the Corrosion of Fe and Its Alloys: Passivity 149

8.6.1 Fe-on-Ag 150

8.6.2 Ag-on-Fe 150

8.7 SERS of Corrosion Inhibitors on Bare Transition Metal Electrodes 150

8.8 Lithium Batteries 152

8.9 Intermediates of Electrocatalysis 154

Acknowledgments 156

References 156

9 In-Situ Scanning Probe Microscopies: Imaging and Beyond 163
Bing-Wei Mao

9.1 Principle of In-Situ STM and In-Situ AFM 164

9.1.1 Principle of In-Situ STM 164

9.1.2 Principle of In-Situ AFM 166

9.2 In-Situ STM Characterization of Surface Electrochemical Processes 167

9.2.1 In-Situ STM Study of Electrode–Aqueous Solution Interfaces 167

9.2.2 In-Situ STM Study of Electrode–Ionic Liquid Interface 167

9.3 In-Situ AFM Probing of Electric Double Layer 170

9.4 Electrochemical STM Break-Junction for Surface Nanostructuring and Nanoelectronics and Molecular Electronics 173

9.5 Outlook 176

References 177

10 In-Situ Infrared Spectroelectrochemical Studies of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction 183
Richard J. Nichols

10.1 The H+/H2 Couple 183

10.2 Single-Crystal Surfaces 184

10.3 Subtractively Normalized Interfacial Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy 186

10.4 Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy 189

10.5 Surface-Enhanced IR Absorption Spectroscopy 190

10.6 In-Situ Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy 193

10.7 Spectroscopy at Single-Crystal Surfaces 194

10.8 Overall Conclusions 197

References 198

11 Electrochemical Noise: A Powerful General Tool 201
Claude Gabrielli and David E. Williams

11.1 Instrumentation 202

11.2 Applications 204

11.2.1 Elementary Phenomena 204

11.2.2 Bioelectrochemistry 205

11.2.3 Electrocrystallization 207

11.2.4 Corrosion 209

11.2.5 Other Systems 215

11.3 Conclusions 217

References 217

12 From Microelectrodes to Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy 223
Salvatore Daniele and Guy Denuault

12.1 The Contribution of Microelectrodes to Electroanalytical Chemistry 224

12.1.1 Advantages of Microelectrodes in Electroanalysis 224

12.1.2 Microelectrodes and Electrode Materials 226

12.1.3 New Applications of Microelectrodes in Electroanalysis 227

12.2 Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) 230

12.2.1 A Brief History of SECM 230

12.2.2 SECM with Other Techniques 231

12.2.3 Tip Geometries and the Need for Numerical Modeling 233

12.2.4 Applications of SECM 234

12.3 Conclusions 235

References 235

13 Cold Fusion After A Quarter-Century: The Pd/D System 245
Melvin H. Miles and Michael C.H. McKubre

13.1 The Reproducibility Issue 247

13.2 Palladium–Deuterium Loading 247

13.3 Electrochemical Calorimetry 249

13.4 Isoperibolic Calorimetric Equations and Modeling 250

13.5 Calorimetric Approximations 251

13.6 Numerical Integration of Calorimetric Data 252

13.7 Examples of Fleischmann’s Calorimetric Applications 254

13.8 Reported Reaction Products for the Pd/D System 256

13.8.1 Helium-4 256

13.8.2 Tritium 256

13.8.3 Neutrons, X-Rays, and Transmutations 257

13.9 Present Status of Cold Fusion 257

Acknowledgments 258

References 258

14 In-Situ X-Ray Diffraction of Electrode Surface Structure 261
Andrea E. Russell, Stephen W.T. Price and Stephen J. Thompson

14.1 Early Work 262

14.2 Synchrotron-Based In-Situ XRD 264

14.3 Studies Inspired by Martin Fleischmann’s Work 266

14.3.1 Structure of Water at the Interface 266

14.3.2 Adsorption of Ions 268

14.3.3 Oxide/Hydroxide Formation 268

14.3.4 Underpotential Deposition (upd) of Monolayers 270

14.3.5 Reconstructions of Single-Crystal Surfaces 275

14.3.6 High-Surface-Area Electrode Structures 275

14.4 Conclusions 277

References 277

15 Tribocorrosion 281
Robert J.K. Wood

15.1 Introduction and Definitions 281

15.1.1 Tribocorrosion 282

15.1.2 Erosion 282

15.2 Particle–Surface Interactions 283

15.3 Depassivation and Repassivation Kinetics 283

15.3.1 Depassivation 284

15.3.2 Repassivation Rate 286

15.4 Models and Mapping 287

15.5 Electrochemical Monitoring of Erosion–Corrosion 290

15.6 Tribocorrosion within the Body: Metal-on-Metal Hip Joints 291

15.7 Conclusions 293

Acknowledgments 293

References 293

16 Hard Science at Soft Interfaces 295
Hubert H. Girault

16.1 Charge Transfer Reactions at Soft Interfaces 295

16.1.1 Ion Transfer Reactions 296

16.1.2 Assisted Ion Transfer Reactions 298

16.1.3 Electron Transfer Reactions 299

16.2 Electrocatalysis at Soft Interfaces 300

16.2.1 Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) 301

16.2.2 Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) 302

16.3 Micro- and Nano-Soft Interfaces 304

16.4 Plasmonics at Soft Interfaces 305

16.5 Conclusions and Future Developments 305

References 307

17 Electrochemistry in Unusual Fluids 309
Philip N. Bartlett

17.1 Electrochemistry in Plasmas 310

17.2 Electrochemistry in Supercritical Fluids 314

17.2.1 Applications of SCF Electrochemistry 321

17.3 Conclusions 325

Acknowledgments 325

References 325

18 Aspects of Light-Driven Water Splitting 331
Laurence Peter

18.1 A Very Brief History of Semiconductor Electrochemistry 332

18.2 Thermodynamic and Kinetic Criteria for Light-Driven Water Splitting 334

18.3 Kinetics of Minority Carrier Reactions at Semiconductor Electrodes 336

18.4 The Importance of Electron–Hole Recombination 338

18.5 Fermi Level Splitting in the Semiconductor–Electrolyte Junction 339

18.6 A Simple Model for Light-Driven Water-Splitting Reaction 341

18.7 Evidence for Slow Electron Transfer During Light-Driven Water Splitting 343

18.8 Conclusions 345

Acknowledgments 345

References 346

19 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy 349
Samin Sharifi-Asl and Digby D. Macdonald

19.1 Theory 350

19.2 The Point Defect Model 350

19.2.1 Calculation of Y0F 355

19.2.2 Calculation of ΔC0 i ΔU 355

19.2.3 Calculation of ΔCL v ΔU 356

19.3 The Passivation of Copper in Sulfide-Containing Brine 357

19.4 Summary and Conclusions 363

Acknowledgments 363

References 363

Index 367

Mats Lewan Interview: E-Cat, Andrea Rossi, & An Impossible Invention

Journalist Mats Lewan requires little introduction for most people familiar with the Andrea Rossi story, but just in case here is a quick summary for the uninitiated:

Mats holds a masters degree in physics, and is recognized as a world-renowned science & technology reporter. He writes for the Swedish newspaper NyTeknik, where he has been covering both cold fusion generally, and Andrea Rossi’s Energy-Catalyzer technology specifically, since 2011. He has recently published a book titled An Impossible Invention in which he recounts his first-hand experiences with Andrea Rossi and LENR over the past three years. More information can be found at http://animpossibleinvention.com/. Mats’ more conventional articles can be found at http://www.nyteknik.se/.

Mats is a model of integrity, and his book has been receiving rave reviews. It is available in both paperback and E-book format through his website. If anyone rather download our dialogue in audio format Download MP3 Here . Also, visit my site Q-Niverse for more of my content if interested. Thanks for taking an interest.

“An Impossible Invention” review by Brian Josephson

Nobel laureate Dr. Brian Josephson commented on Nature with a review of Mats Lewan‘s new book An Impossible Invention, chronicling the early work of Andrea Rossi, engineer and inventor of the Energy Catalyzer, or Ecat. The Ecat is a commercial steam generator based on nickel-hydrogen exothermic reactions that is now in development. Lewan had a front row seat for several of the public and private demonstrations that Rossi performed since January 2011, and has interviewed Rossi extensively on his work.

We reproduce what Josephson wrote here:

The highlight of the week was the publication of Mats Lewan’s book ‘An Impossible Invention’, subtitled The true story of the energy source that could change the world. The author, a science and technology writer, has been investigating the controversial Rossi reactor or E-cat in depth in the 3 years since its initial presentation in Bologna in January 2011.

The first part of the book covers Andrea Rossi’s previous inventions, showing how life is not easy for an inventor whose inventions pose a threat to other enterprises. This is followed by what Lewan has been able to glean about the invention since the initial demonstration, purportedly of a fusion device creating some kW of heat.

Besides following the course of developments in detail, Lewan gives much attention to the question of whether the device is genuine, or whether fraud is involved. One important event was a long-period investigation, published at arXiv:1305.3913, providing strong evidence of the production of anomalous heat. Particularly interesting to me, in the light of my past dealings with arxiv, was the text of an accidentally leaked exchange between two moderators, wondering if they could find a rationale for blocking that report.

In the course of his attempts to bring his device to a commercial conclusion, Rossi had problems with collaborators, being suspicious of their motives, but it seems he has found an (undisclosed) American firm that he trusts, who have been licensed to develop the device. This fascinating book provides the answers to many questions about the E-cat, and should be read by all skeptics.Brian Josephson

Science journal rejections suppress clean energy research

JCMNSlogoThe recently published Volume 12 December 2013 Journal of Condensed Matter Nuclear Science has an article detailing censorship by science journals.

How the Flawed Journal Review Process Impedes Paradigm Shifting Discoveries” by P.A. Mosier-Boss, L.P. Forsley, and F.E. Gordon describes the experience of these researchers as they submitted papers describing their low-energy nuclear reaction (LENR ) experiments to mainstream science journals.

From the Abstract:

The purpose of scientific journals is to review papers for scientific validity and to disseminate new theoretical and experimental results. This requires that the editors and reviewers be impartial. Our attempt to publish novel experimental results in a renowned physics journal shows that in some cases editors and reviewers are not impartial; they are biased and closed-minded. Although our subject matter was technical, its rejection was not: it was emotionally charged. It was an agenda-laden rejection of legitimate experiments that were conducted in US DoD and DoE laboratories. This paper describes the flawed journal review process, detailing our own case and citing others. Such behavior on the part of editors and reviewers has a stifling effect on innovation and the diffusion of knowledge.
© 2013 ISCMNS. All rights reserved. ISSN 2227-3123

Noting that the rejection of revolutionary science “is hardly a new phenomenon”, the authors quote from Responsible Conduct of Research by A.E. Shamoo and D.B. Resnik:

History provides us with many examples of important theories that were resisted and ridiculed by [reviewers of] established researchers, such as Gregory Mendel’s laws of inheritance, Barbara McLintock’s gene jumping hypothesis, Peter Mitchell’s chemiosmostic theory, and Alfred Wegener’s continental drift hypothesis. –Shamoo and Resnik

Shamoo and Resnick explain what these decisions regarding new energy research have meant:

As a result of this controversy, it has been difficult to conduct peer-reviewed work on cold fusion, because mainstream physics journals select reviewers with strong biases against cold fusion.

Boss, Forsely, and Gordon had submissions to journals rejected by reviewers who knew little about the phenomenon or the instruments involved, and didn’t attempt to learn. The authors found “the lack of curiosity and the unwarranted, surprisingly emotional responses” shown by some reviewers “disturbing”.

The consequences are far-reaching:

One immediate and long lasting effect of journals refusing to publish papers on as yet controversial observations is the elimination of a field of research and the diminution of scientists and engineers working in it. Without peer-reviewed publications, university faculty are precluded from funding as well as students, as no student will pursue an unrecognized field where jobs do not exist. Scientists are unable to find funds or management support. Entrepreneurs are limited because it is not likely that corporate angels or venture capitalists will risk funds on a technology, which is denigrated by leading scientists and subject to ridicule. In 1991, Nobel Laureate Julian Schwinger [38] aptly summarized the problem when he wrote:

“The pressure for conformity is enormous. I have experienced it in editors’ rejection of submitted papers, based on venomous criticism of anonymous referees. The replacement of impartial reviewing by censorship will be the death of science.”

Indeed, this whole situation is a “Catch-22” [39]; a situation named for the war novel in which a pilot who claims he is crazy so he wouldn’t have to fly missions, but by refusing to fly missions he proved he was sane! Our Catch-22 is that both DoE and DoD have unequivocally stated that until “first-tier” journals, like Science and Nature, publish papers inn this field, they will not fund programs. But, editors of these journals have stated they would not publish papers without DoE acceptance of the phenomena: a Catch-22. –Mosier-Boss, Forsley, and Gordon.

The Journal of Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (JCMNS) is published by the International Society of Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (ISCMNS).

Read the article “How the Flawed Journal Review Process Impedes Paradigm Shifting Discoveries” in Volume 12 December 2013 [.pdf]

Your Dictionary: Cold Fusion LENR Energy

We depend on dictionaries to provide meaning in our lives. What does your dictionary have to say about cold fusion/LENR energy research and engineering? Let’s take a look and see what these online dictionaries have to say about the nuclear active environment of “cold fusion”. Editors of dictionaries have an obligation to get it right.

My favorite dictionary, until recently, was the “Websters’ New World Dictionary.

I Was Disappointed to See What They had to Say “Cold Fusion” LENR Science

Browse Your Favorite Dictionary

Click here Merriam Webster – Cold Fusion

The word you’ve entered isn’t in the dictionary. Click on a spelling suggestion below or try again using the search bar above. 2013 Merriam-Webster, Incorporated

Click here Oxford Dictionary – Cold Fusion

Syllabification: (cold fu·sion)

Definition of cold fusion:  Nuclear fusion occurring at or close to room temperature. Claims for its discovery in 1989 are generally held to have been mistaken.

Click here Macmillan Dictionary Cold Fusion

Definition cold fusion: noun [uncountable] physics

A type of nuclear fusion that some scientists believe can happen at the normal temperature inside a building.

Click here American Heritage Cultural Dictionary – Cold Fusion

Cold fusion definition:

The fusion of hydrogen atoms into helium at room temperature. In 1989 two scientists announced that they had produced cold fusion in their laboratory, an achievement that — if true — would have meant a virtually unlimited cheap energy supply for humanity. When other scientists were unable to reproduce their results, the scientific community concluded that the original experiment had been flawed. The American Heritage New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy

Click here Cambridge English Language Teaching – Cold Fusion

We do not have an entry for cold fusion. Have a look at how it is spelled. Did you type it correctly? We have these words with similar spellings or pronunciations:

  • collusion
  • confusion
  • contusion
  • cold fish
  • conclusion
  • cold front
  • collision
  • confusions
  • nuclear fusion
  • cold sore

Browse Popular On-line Dictionaries

Click here Word Web Online – Cold Fusion

Noun: cold fusion Nuclear fusion at or near room temperatures, claims to have discovered it are generally considered to have been mistaken.

Click here Your Dictionary .com – Cold Fusion

Cold fusion: A hypothetical process of producing nuclear fusion in a test tube at room temperature; more energy would be produced than would be expended.

Click here Urban Dictionary .com – Cold Fusion

Cold fusion:  Some ultra-cool event that everyone would like to see happen, and some people anticipate happening; which will never happen.

Example “Jimbo, you say you got a date with Tyra Banks, the super model? Yeah, right — I’ll believe that when my pad is powered via cold fusion and I start gassin’ up my ride with hydroms.” by The Jive Chemist

CONCLUSION

We are sad to find that the dictionaries in our lives just don’t get it right.

We can not depend upon our most trusted dictionaries to provide real and timely definitions of the cold fusion/LENR energy phenomenon.

Cold fusion or low-energy-nuclear-reaction (LENR) has now been demonstrated to initiate various nuclear reactions in solid materials without application of high energy. This creates a significant challenge for science to explain and for industry to use in a rational way. Therefore, understanding what has been discovered is very important.

What Is Cold Fusion and Why Should You Care? (pdf)

 

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